Research suggests that the main cause of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a misuse or lack of iron in the brain. The brain uses the iron to control some brain activities and to make dopamine, which works in the part of the brain that controls movement. There are a variety of conditions that can affect the amount of iron in the brain and how it’s used, including: Diabetes, Iron deficiency, Kidney failure, Parkinson’s disease, Pregnancy and Rheumatoid arthritis. Having any of these conditions can increase your risk of also having RLS.